What is Python?
Python is a dynamically typed, general purpose programming language that supports an object-oriented programming approach as well as a functional programming approach.
Python is an interpreted and a high-level programming language.
It was created by Guido Van Rossum in 1989.
Features of Python?
Python is simple and easy to understand.
It is Interpreted and platform-independent which makes debugging very easy.
Python is an open-source programming language.
Python provides very big library support. Some of the popular libraries include NumPy, Tensorflow, Selenium, OpenCV, etc.
It is possible to integrate other programming languages within python.
What is Python used for?
Python is used in Data Visualization to create plots and graphical representations.
Python helps in Data Analytics to analyze and understand raw data for insights and trends.
It is used in AI and Machine Learning to simulate human behavior and to learn from past data without hard coding.
It is used to create web applications.
It can be used to handle databases.
It is used in business and accounting to perform complex mathematical operations along with quantitative and qualitative analysis.
How to Install Python?
Installation on Windows
- Download installer-
Follow this line python.
Verify python installed or not?
> python --version
Installation on Linux
linux$ sudo apt install python3.6
Python 3.6.14
To take a look on python interpreter,
# On both Windows and Linux
linux$ python
Data types in Python
Python Data types are the classification or categorization of data items.
It represents the kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a particular data.
Since everything is an object in Python programming, Python data types are classes and variables are instances (objects) of these classes.
| Text Type: | str |
| Numeric Types: | int, float, complex |
| Sequence Types: | list, tuple, range |
| Mapping Type: | dict |
| Set Types: | set, frozenset |
| Boolean Type: | bool |
| Binary Types: | bytes, bytearray, memoryview |
| None Type: | NoneType |
| Example | Data Type |
| x = "Hello World" | str |
| x = 20 | int |
| x = 20.5 | float |
| x = 1j | complex |
| x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] | list |
| x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") | tuple |
| x = range(6) | range |
| x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} | dict |
| x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"} | set |
| x = frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}) | frozenset |
| x = True | bool |
| x = b"Hello" | bytes |
| x = bytearray(5) | bytearray |
| x = memoryview(bytes(5)) | memoryview |
| x = None | NoneType |
Every value has a datatype, and variables can hold values. Python is a powerfully composed language; consequently, we don't have to characterize the sort of variable while announcing it. The interpreter binds the value implicitly to its type.
a = 5
We did not specify the type of the variable a, which has the value five from an integer. The Python interpreter will automatically interpret the variable as an integer.
#!/usr/bin/python2.7
name="John" # Int
age=23 # String
height=5.7 # Float
male=True # Boolean
city=["Pune", "Mumbai", "Bangalore"] # List
river=("Ganga", "Alaknanda", "Bhagirathi") # Tuple
numbers={1,2,3,4,5,9,8,7,6,6,2,1,3} # Set
directions={1:"North", 2:"South", 3: "East", 4:"West"} # Dictionary
limit=range(6) # range till 5
empty=None # Empty
print(name)
print(age)
print(height)
print(male)
print(city)
print(river)
print(numbers)
print(directions)
print(limit)
print(empty)
# Output
python$ ./demo.py
John
23
5.7
True
['Pune', 'Mumbai', 'Bangalore']
('Ganga', 'Alaknanda', 'Bhagirathi')
set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
{1: 'North', 2: 'South', 3: 'East', 4: 'West'}
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
None
To see type of variable?
name="Sweety" # Declare a variable which holds string value
print(type(name)) # trying to print type variable
# Output
<type 'str'>
List vs Tuple vs Set vs Dictionary
| List | Tuple | Set | Dictionary |
| A list is a non-homogeneous data structure that stores the elements in columns of a single row or multiple rows. | A Tuple is also a non-homogeneous data structure that stores elements in columns of a single row or multiple rows. | The set data structure is also a non-homogeneous data structure but stores the elements in a single row. | A dictionary is also a non-homogeneous data structure that stores key-value pairs. |
| The list can be represented by [ ] | Tuple can be represented by ( ) | The set can be represented by { } | The dictionary can be represented by { } |
| The list allows duplicate elements | Tuple allows duplicate elements | The Set will not allow duplicate elements | The dictionary doesn’t allow duplicate keys. |
| The list can use nested among all | Tuple can use nested among all | The set can use nested among all | The dictionary can use nested among all |
| Example: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] | Example: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) | Example: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} | Example: {1: “a”, 2: “b”, 3: “c”, 4: “d”, 5: “e”} |
| A list can be created using the list() function | Tuple can be created using the tuple() function. | A set can be created using the set() function | A dictionary can be created using the dict() function. |
| A list is mutable i.e we can make any changes in the list. | A tuple is immutable i.e we can not make any changes in the tuple. | A set is mutable i.e we can make any changes in the set, its elements are not duplicated. | A dictionary is mutable, its Keys are not duplicated. |
| List is ordered | Tuple is ordered | Set is unordered | Dictionary is ordered (Python 3.7 and above) |
| Creating an empty list | Creating an empty Tuple | Creating a set | Creating an empty dictionary |
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